大学英语四级考试临近，各位考生在最后的备考阶段，掌握翻译技巧，熟记一些翻译句型，会起到事半功倍的效果。


　　句子的连接

　　第一步：四级精彩句型展示

　　1. The reason why + 句子 … is that + 句子（…的原因是…）

　　这是在四级考试里面用得很多的一个定语从句句型，通过why把两个句子联系起来，why后的句子作为从句是the reason的定语。

　　The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

　　类似的还有those who结构，如：

　　Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。

　　2. Since the time that + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成时。

　　该句型用since一词将两个句子联系起来，表示一种时间关系。

　　Since the time that he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

　　连接在写作中是很重要的，就像自行车的链条，它的好坏会直接影响速度和行驶距离。连接于写作就如我们身体的水，没有水就没有生命，没有好的连接，相应的也不会有精彩的作文问世。

　　第二步：语法精讲

　　1. 简介

　　连接手段（The connective）一般包括连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词。连接手段是一个很宽泛的概念，概括了复合句、定语从句、状语从句等。建议大家结合本系列丛书的《词汇?语法?完形填空分册》中的从句讲解进行学习。

　　2. 四级必备套句

　　(1) 主语+谓语（过去进行时成过去完成时）+其他成分+when+主语+谓语（一般过去时）+其他成分

　　【分析】该句型中when引导的分句表示分句行为发生的突然性，when常译为“就在这时”，该句在记叙文的写作中经常用到。

　　On a rainy day I was driving on the Street of Eternal Peace when I noticed a young man holding up a sign that read “Frank”. 在一个下雨天，我正驾车通过长安街，就在这时我突然注意到一个年轻人举着一块牌子，上面写着“弗兰克”。

　　(2) No one everything that is going on in the world.

　　【分析】“that is going on in the world”是定语从句，修饰everything，当先行词是everything等不定代词时，关系代词要用that。这句子在阐述原因时是个很有效的句子。

　　No one has time to read an account of everything that is going on in the world. 没有一个人会有时间去阅读介绍世界上正在发生的每一件事情。（在论述有选择性的阅读的重要性时）

　　(3) rather than…, we should…

　　【分析】“rather than”意为“而不是”或“没有去”。

　　Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness, we should focus on the improvement of parts of ourselves.

　　类似的还有other than（=except）除了(表示所说的不包括在内)。

　　He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。

　　She has no close friends other than me. 她除了我以外从没有别的好朋友。

　　第三步：练习与进步

　　A. 翻译

　　1. 那位演讲者声称，没有哪个现代国家像中国那样在公共事业资助和保健方面投入其财富的比例如此之小。

　　2. 如果将睡觉的人一开始进入梦乡就叫醒，即使他们的睡眠总量是足够的，他们也很可能变得烦躁易怒。

　　3. 虽然他很喜欢她，但确实有时他也对她发火。

　　4. 水将继续保持它今天的地位——在重要性方面仅次于氧。

　　5. 社会保障退休计划是由两笔信托基金组成的，其中数额较大的一笔基金到来年可能会分文不值。

　　6. 做家庭作业是提高考试成绩的可靠方法，在课堂测试中更是这样。

　　7. 这个城市中有100多所夜校，这使专业人员能得到进修，不管他是从事什么工作的。

　　8. 从这些数字的比较中可以看出，病人积极配合治疗是改善其病情的重要原则。

　　9. 加利福尼亚的阳光多得它不知怎么处理，但其他东西却很贵。

　　10. 谁想要这本词典，我就给谁。

　　【参考答案】

　　1. The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health as does China.

　　2. If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phrase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.

　　3. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.

　　4. Water will continue to be what it is today: second in importance to oxygen.

　　5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, the larger of which could go penniless by next year.

　　6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.

　　7. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does.

　　8. As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.

　　9. California has more light than it knows what to do with but everything else is expensive.

　　10. I’ll give this dictionary to anyone who wants to have it.

　　B. 改错

　　1. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book

　　for me if only she could remember who last borrowed it.

　　2. Prof Lee’s book will show you how that you have observed can

　　be used in other contexts.

　　3. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting until you

　　don’t mind taking the night train.

　　4. Most electronic devices of this kind, that are manufactured

　　for such purposes, are packaged tightly.

　　5. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of

　　obtaining water is not the least.

　　6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe but that

　　it provides the building blocks from which other elements are produced.

　　7. That it is generally accepted, economic growth is determined

　　by the smooth development of production.

　　8. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible

　　for a professional to be reeducated no matter how he does.

　　9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,

　　and this is especially true since it comes to classroom tests.

　　10. Granted that we had all the materials ready, we should begin

　　the new task at once.

　　【参考答案】

　　1. if only―only if

　　2. that后加what

　　3. until―provided

　　4. that―as

　　5. of―of which

　　6. but―in

　　7. That―As

　　8. how―what

　　9. since―when 10. had―have

　　第四步：伟人伟招

　　1. 摔倒了再爬起来式

　　Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time we fall. (O. Goldsmith)

　　我们最值得自豪的不在于从不跌倒，而在于每次跌倒之后都爬起来。（哥德斯密斯）

　　【点评】该句可以用于一些关于社会问题的文章。虽然我们犯了错误，产生了问题，但是我们要做的是“爬起来”做点事情来补偿。

　　2. 有缺而无憾式

　　To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness. (Russell )

　　有些东西你想要而没有，这是幸福不可缺少的一部分。（罗素）

　　【点评】“…is an indispensable part of….”，这个句型我们可以借鉴。

　　3. 没有条件，创造条件也要上式

　　The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them. (Bernard Shaw)

　　在这个世界上取得成功的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到时，他们就自己创造机会。（萧伯纳）

　　【点评】这几个小短语的连用很显英文实力，“get on, get up and look for”简单但组合后却很不一般，这个句子是个很好的例子。

　　第五步：实践与提高

　　将下面的句子补充完整：

　　1. From what has been discussed above , we may safely draw the conclusion that…

　　2. All the evidence supports the unshakable conclusion that…

　　3. It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of…

　　4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated situation of…

　　5. We must look for an immediate action , because the present

　　situation of…, if permitted to continue , will surely lead to the end of…

　　6. There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be a useful measure to take.

　　7. There is no easy method hand to solve the problem of…, but increasing the common recognition of the necessity of… might be the first

　　step towards change .

　　8. Following these methods may not guarantee success in …, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.

　　9. Obviously , if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that…

　　10. Unless there is a common realization of …, it is very likely that…